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Satellite Internet Spectrum Auction System SpaceToll Takes Effect: LEO Communication Spectrum Enters International Auction System for the First Time

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has adopted the SpaceToll framework, bringing low Earth orbit communication spectrum into the international auction system. Satellite operators must pay for spectrum usage rights, with projected annual revenue exceeding $5 billion.

Satellite Internet Spectrum Auction System SpaceToll Takes Effect: LEO Communication Spectrum Enters International Auction System for the First Time

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) officially adopted the SpaceToll framework on January 9, bringing low Earth orbit (LEO) communication spectrum into the international auction system. This means satellite internet operators can no longer freely occupy spectrum resources and must obtain usage rights through competitive bidding.

SpaceToll's implementation comes against the backdrop of explosive growth in LEO satellites — by early 2031, over 15,000 LEO satellites were in orbit, with spectrum resource conflicts becoming increasingly severe. The ITU expects the system to generate over $5 billion in annual revenue, which will be used to fund internet infrastructure construction in developing countries.

SpaceX and Amazon Kuiper have objected to the auction mechanism, arguing it will increase satellite internet operating costs and delay global coverage plans.